Your guide to erectile dysfunction treatment
Viagra, scientifically known as sildenafil citrate, is a medication primarily used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. It works by increasing blood flow to the penis, facilitating the ability to achieve and maintain an erection when sexually stimulated. Approved by the FDA in 1998, Viagra has become synonymous with ED treatment and is often the first medication that comes to mind when discussing this condition.
Viagra functions as a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Under normal circumstances, sexual stimulation leads to the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum of the penis. NO then stimulates the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which relaxes smooth muscle and dilates blood vessels, allowing for increased blood flow. PDE5 breaks down cGMP, and by inhibiting this enzyme, Viagra prolongs the effects of cGMP, thus enhancing erectile function.
Viagra is typically taken orally, about 30 minutes to an hour before sexual activity. The effects can last for up to four hours, although sexual stimulation is necessary for the medication to work. The standard starting dose is 50 mg, but it can be adjusted based on efficacy and tolerability, with a maximum recommended dose of 100 mg.
While Viagra is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects such as headaches, flushing, indigestion, nasal congestion, and visual disturbances. Serious side effects, though rare, include priapism (a prolonged erection), sudden hearing loss, and heart-related issues. It is crucial for individuals to consult with a healthcare provider before using Viagra, especially if they have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.